# istio
# 介绍
流量
安全
可观测性
扩展性
# 安装istio
#指定版本安装（1.22.0）
curl -L https://istio.io/downloadIstio | ISTIO_VERSION=1.22.0 TARGET_ARCH=x86_64 sh -
或
#默认安装istio最新版
curl -L https://istio.io/downloadIstio | sh -
#配置istioctl到path
export PATH=$PATH:/root/istio-1.22.0/bin
#安装
istioctl install --set profile=demo -y
#创建istio的命名空间(meteor)
kubectl create ns meteor
#给命名空间添加标签，部署应用时自动注入 Envoy 边车代理 default修改为对应的命名空间（meteor）
kubectl label namespace default istio-injection=enabled
修改为：
kubectl label namespace meteor istio-injection=enabled
# 部署Bookinfo
# 在/root/istio-1.22.0目录执行
vim samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/bookinfo.yaml
# 部署bookinfo.yaml，-n meteor 指定命名空间为meteor
kubectl apply -f samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/bookinfo.yaml -n meteor
#查看pod
kubectl get pod -n meteor
#进入容器（默认命名空间删除-n meteor）
kubectl exec -n meteor "$(kubectl get -n meteor pod -l app=ratings -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}')" -c ratings -- curl -sS productpage:9080/productpage | grep -o "<title>.*</title>"
#查看service和pod
kubectl get svc,pod -n meteor
#控制台访问
curl 10.101.234.23:9080/productpage
# 公网访问
# 查看service
kubectl get service -n meteor
#将type:ClusterIP 修改为 NodePort
kubectl edit svc productpage -n meteor
# 在/root/istio-1.22.0目录执行（配置域名）
vim samples/bookinfo/networking/bookinfo-gateway.yaml
# 部署bookinfo.yaml，-n meteor 指定命名空间为meteor
kubectl apply -f samples/bookinfo/networking/bookinfo-gateway.yaml -n meteor
# 删除
kubectl delete -f samples/bookinfo/networking/bookinfo-gateway.yaml -n meteor
#查看istio的外网ip
kubectl get svc -n istio-system
#浏览器访问
http://172.17.110.249:32310/productpage
# 仪表板（Kiali）
#安装Kiali和其他插件
kubectl apply -f samples/addons
#查看
kubectl get svc -n istio-system
#查看所有信息
kubectl get all -n istio-system
#将type:ClusterIP 修改为 NodePort
kubectl edit service/kiali -n istio-system
#查看开放的端口
kubectl get all -n istio-system
#访问Kiali后台
http://172.17.110.249:30870
# 灰度发布
1 kiali后台Services，选择要灰度发布的服务
选择 Traffic Shifting
设置流量比例
可以看到v1已经没有流量了
# demo演示
# 创建deployment
#进入目录
cd /root/istio-1.22.0/samples
#编辑脚本 改命名空间
vim tomcatdeploy.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
creationTimestamp: null
labels:
app: tomcat
name: tomcat
namespace: meteor
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: tomcat
strategy: {}
template:
metadata:
creationTimestamp: null
labels:
app: tomcat
spec:
containers:
- image: tomcat:latest
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: tomcat
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
resources: {}
#启动
kubectl apply -f tomcatdeploy.yaml
#查看service和pod
kubectl get svc,pod -n meteor
kubectl describe pod tomcat-76bf946746-j6znl -n meteor
#查看ip
kubectl get svc,pod -n istio-system
# 创建service
#编辑脚本 改命名空间
vim tomcatsvc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
creationTimestamp: null
labels:
app: tomcat
name: tomcat
namespace: meteor
spec:
ports:
- port: 80
name: tcp
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 8080
selector:
app: tomcat
status:
loadBalancer: {}
#启动
kubectl apply -f tomcatsvc.yaml
#删除
kubectl delete -f tomcatsvc.yaml
#查看service和pod
kubectl get svc,pod -n meteor
#通过查看显示的ip,测试访问
curl 10.98.181.209
# 创建gateway
#编辑脚本
vim ingressgateway80.yaml
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: Gateway
metadata:
name: ingressgateway80
spec:
selector:
istio: ingressgateway
servers:
- port:
number: 80
name: http
protocol: HTTP
hosts:
- "*"
#启动
kubectl apply -f ingressgateway80.yaml -n meteor
#删除
kubectl delete -f ingressgateway80.yaml -n meteor
#查看所有网关
kubectl get gateways --all-namespaces
#查看网关详情
kubectl describe gateway ingressgateway80 -n meteor
# 创建virtualservice
网关不知道路由到哪个服务，需要virtualservice
#编辑脚本 改命名空间
vim tomcat-virtualservice.yaml
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
name: tomcat-virtualservice
spec:
hosts:
- "*"
gateways:
- ingressgateway80
http:
- match:
route:
- destination:
host: tomcat
port:
number: 80
#启动
kubectl apply -f tomcat-virtualservice.yaml -n meteor
#删除
kubectl delete -f tomcat-virtualservice.yaml -n meteor
#查看所有virtualservice
kubectl get virtualservice --all-namespaces
#查看virtualservice详情
kubectl describe virtualservice tomcat-virtualservice -n meteor
#查看service和pod
kubectl get svc,pod -n meteor
#查看ip
kubectl get svc,pod -n istio-system
book productpage
curl 10.107.239.240:9080/productpage
tomcat tomcat
curl 10.104.186.227
# tomcat-gateway.yaml，-n meteor 指定命名空间为meteor
kubectl apply -f samples/bookinfo/networking/tomcat-gateway.yaml -n meteor
kubectl delete -f samples/bookinfo/networking/tomcat-gateway.yaml -n meteor
# 通过网关ip测试
http://172.17.110.249:32310/
# virtualservice参数
match
重定向
重写
重试
http流量镜像（把生产流量指向指定service）
http故障注入（延迟或终止）
http跨域
DestinationRule(目标规则)
# istio集成组件
Prometheus，Grafana，zipkin
在安装kiali时已安装，脚本路径（samples/addons），将type:ClusterIP 修改为 NodePort后即可使用
# APISIX(云原生网关)
# 介绍
优势：
无数据库依赖，通过etcd,感知毫秒级别
热加载
高性能IP匹配算法
精细化路由
# 安装etcd
- 参考博客 https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/697712128
# 查看是否安装
yum list installed | grep etcd
#下载etcd
wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.14/etcd-v3.4.14-linux-amd64.tar.gz
#解压安装包
tar -zxvf etcd-v3.4.14-linux-amd64.tar.gz
#移动到etcd文件夹
mv etcd-v3.4.14-linux-amd64 etcd
#复制到系统路径
sudo cp etcd/etcd /usr/local/bin/
sudo cp etcd/etcdctl /usr/local/bin/
#设置v3版本
export ETCDCTL_API=3
#查看版本
etcd --version
etcdctl version
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl status etcd
sudo systemctl stop etcd
sudo systemctl start etcd
#启动
cd etcd
sudo ./etcd &
sudo ./etcd --name etcd0 \
--listen-client-urls http://0.0.0.0:2379 \
--advertise-client-urls http://172.17.110.249:2379,http://172.17.110.249:2379 &
sudo ss -tulnp | grep 2379
sudo kill -9
# 卸载
#停止etcd服务
sudo systemctl stop etcd
#禁用etcd服务，使其不再随系统启动
sudo systemctl disable etcd
#卸载yum安装包
sudo yum remove etcd
#删除二进制文件
sudo rm /usr/local/bin/etcd
sudo rm /usr/local/bin/etcdctl
#删除数据和日志目录
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/etcd/
sudo rm -rf /var/log/etcd/
#检查ETCD版本
etcd --version
curl etcd:2379/version
curl 127.0.0.1:2379/version
curl 172.17.110.249:2379/version
# 安装apisix
- 博客 https://blog.csdn.net/yixiao120212/article/details/136741258
# 目录
cd /root/apisix/apisix-docker-master
#创建apisix_conf
apisix_conf/config.yaml
apisix:
ssl:
enable: true
listen: # APISIX listening port for HTTPS traffic.
- port: 9443
enable_http2: true
# - ip: 127.0.0.3 # If not set, default to `0.0.0.0`.
# port: 9445
# enable_http2: true
# ssl_trusted_certificate: /path/to/ca-cert # Set the path to CA certificates used to verify client
# certificates in the PEM format.
ssl_protocols: TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3 # TLS versions supported.
deployment:
role: traditional
role_traditional:
config_provider: etcd
etcd:
host:
- http://172.17.110.249:2379
admin:
admin_key:
- name: admin
key: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1 # using fixed API token has security risk, please update it when you deploy to production environment
role: admin
#创建apisix_dashboard/config.yaml
#
# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
# contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
# the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
#
# yamllint disable rule:comments-indentation
conf:
listen:
# host: 127.0.0.1 # the address on which the `Manager API` should listen.
# The default value is 0.0.0.0, if want to specify, please enable it.
# This value accepts IPv4, IPv6, and hostname.
port: 9000 # The port on which the `Manager API` should listen.
# ssl:
# host: 127.0.0.1 # the address on which the `Manager API` should listen for HTTPS.
# The default value is 0.0.0.0, if want to specify, please enable it.
# port: 9001 # The port on which the `Manager API` should listen for HTTPS.
# cert: "/tmp/cert/example.crt" # Path of your SSL cert.
# key: "/tmp/cert/example.key" # Path of your SSL key.
allow_list: # If we don't set any IP list, then any IP access is allowed by default.
- 127.0.0.1 # The rules are checked in sequence until the first match is found.
- ::1
- 0.0.0.0/0
- etcd # In this example, access is allowed only for IPv4 network 127.0.0.1, and for IPv6 network ::1.
# It also support CIDR like 192.168.1.0/24 and 2001:0db8::/32
etcd:
endpoints: # supports defining multiple etcd host addresses for an etcd cluster
- 172.17.110.249:2379
# yamllint disable rule:comments-indentation
# etcd basic auth info
# username: "root" # ignore etcd username if not enable etcd auth
# password: "123456" # ignore etcd password if not enable etcd auth
mtls:
key_file: "" # Path of your self-signed client side key
cert_file: "" # Path of your self-signed client side cert
ca_file: "" # Path of your self-signed ca cert, the CA is used to sign callers' certificates
# prefix: /apisix # apisix config's prefix in etcd, /apisix by default
log:
error_log:
level: warn # supports levels, lower to higher: debug, info, warn, error, panic, fatal
file_path:
logs/error.log # supports relative path, absolute path, standard output
# such as: logs/error.log, /tmp/logs/error.log, /dev/stdout, /dev/stderr
# such as absolute path on Windows: winfile:///C:\error.log
access_log:
file_path:
logs/access.log # supports relative path, absolute path, standard output
# such as: logs/access.log, /tmp/logs/access.log, /dev/stdout, /dev/stderr
# such as absolute path on Windows: winfile:///C:\access.log
# log example: 2020-12-09T16:38:09.039+0800 INFO filter/logging.go:46 /apisix/admin/routes/r1 {"status": 401, "host": "127.0.0.1:9000", "query": "asdfsafd=adf&a=a", "requestId": "3d50ecb8-758c-46d1-af5b-cd9d1c820156", "latency": 0, "remoteIP": "127.0.0.1", "method": "PUT", "errs": []}
max_cpu: 0 # supports tweaking with the number of OS threads are going to be used for parallelism. Default value: 0 [will use max number of available cpu cores considering hyperthreading (if any)]. Ifthe value is negative, is will not touch the existing parallelism profile.
# security:
# access_control_allow_origin: "http://httpbin.org"
# access_control_allow_credentials: true # support using custom cors configration
# access_control_allow_headers: "Authorization"
# access_control-allow_methods: "*"
# x_frame_options: "deny"
# content_security_policy: "default-src 'self'; script-src 'self' 'unsafe-eval' 'unsafe-inline'; style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'; img-src 'self' data:; frame-src xx.xx.xx.xx:3000" # You can set frame-src to provide content for your grafana panel.
authentication:
secret:
secret # secret for jwt token generation.
# NOTE: Highly recommended to modify this value to protect `manager api`.
# if it's default value, when `manager api` start, it will generate a random string to replace it.
expire_time: 3600 # jwt token expire time, in second
users: # yamllint enable rule:comments-indentation
- username: admin # username and password for login `manager api`
password: admin
oidc:
enabled: false
expire_time: 3600
client_id: dashboard
client_secret: dashboard
auth_url: http://172.17.0.1:8080/auth/realms/master/protocol/openid-connect/auth
token_url: http://172.17.0.1:8080/auth/realms/master/protocol/openid-connect/token
user_info_url: http://172.17.0.1:8080/auth/realms/master/protocol/openid-connect/userinfo
redirect_url: http://127.0.0.1:9000/apisix/admin/oidc/callback
scope: openid
plugins:
- api-breaker
- authz-casbin
- authz-casdoor
- authz-keycloak
- aws-lambda
- azure-functions
- basic-auth
# - batch-requests
- clickhouse-logger
- client-control
- consumer-restriction
- cors
- csrf
- datadog
# - dubbo-proxy
- echo
- error-log-logger
# - example-plugin
- ext-plugin-post-req
- ext-plugin-post-resp
- ext-plugin-pre-req
- fault-injection
- file-logger
- forward-auth
- google-cloud-logging
- grpc-transcode
- grpc-web
- gzip
- hmac-auth
- http-logger
- ip-restriction
- jwt-auth
- kafka-logger
- kafka-proxy
- key-auth
- ldap-auth
- limit-conn
- limit-count
- limit-req
- loggly
# - log-rotate
- mocking
# - node-status
- opa
- openid-connect
- opentelemetry
- openwhisk
- prometheus
- proxy-cache
- proxy-control
- proxy-mirror
- proxy-rewrite
- public-api
- real-ip
- redirect
- referer-restriction
- request-id
- request-validation
- response-rewrite
- rocketmq-logger
- server-info
- serverless-post-function
- serverless-pre-function
- skywalking
- skywalking-logger
- sls-logger
- splunk-hec-logging
- syslog
- tcp-logger
- traffic-split
- ua-restriction
- udp-logger
- uri-blocker
- wolf-rbac
- zipkin
- elasticsearch-logge
- openfunction
- tencent-cloud-cls
- ai
- cas-auth
#编辑
docker-compose.yaml
version: '3'
services:
apisix:
container_name: apisix
#highlight-next-line
image: apache/apisix:3.6.0-debian
restart: always
ports:
- 9080:9080
- 9091:9091
- 9443:9443
- 9180:9180
networks:
- apisix
volumes:
- ./apisix_conf/config.yaml:/usr/local/apisix/conf/config.yaml
# - ./apisix_log:/usr/local/apisix/logs
dashboard:
container_name: dashboard
image: bitnami/apisix-dashboard
restart: always
ports:
- 9000:9000
networks:
- apisix
depends_on:
# - etcd
- apisix
volumes:
- ./apisix_dashboard/config.yaml:/opt/bitnami/apisix-dashboard/conf/conf.yaml
networks:
apisix:
#启动
docker-compose up -d
docker-compose logs
#apisix后台
http://172.17.110.249:9000/
# Admin API
创建路由
#把请求http://127.0.0.1:9080/ip 转发至 httpbin.org/ip
curl -i "http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes" -X PUT -d '
{
"id": "getting-started-ip",
"uri": "/ip",
"upstream": {
"type": "roundrobin",
"nodes": {
"httpbin.org:80": 1
}
}
}'
#验证
curl "http://127.0.0.1:9080/ip"
负载均衡
#访问 /headers 将被转发到 httpbin.org 和 mock.api7.ai
curl -i "http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes" -X PUT -d '
{
"id": "getting-started-headers",
"uri": "/headers",
"upstream" : {
"type": "roundrobin",
"nodes": {
"httpbin.org:443": 1,
"mock.api7.ai:443": 1
},
"pass_host": "node",
"scheme": "https"
}
}'
#验证
curl "http://127.0.0.1:9080/headers"
#100 个请求来测试负载均衡的效果
hc=$(seq 100 | xargs -I {} curl "http://127.0.0.1:9080/headers" -sL | grep "httpbin" | wc -l); echo httpbin.org: $hc, mock.api7.ai: $((100 - $hc))
# Dashboard使用
指定域名访问
#
curl "http://127.0.0.1:9080/ip"
#
curl "http://127.0.0.1:9080/ip" -H "Host: test.com"
# 整合Nacos
apisix的config.yaml添加nacos的ip，上游列表创建服务
#config.yaml添加
discovery:
nacos:
host:
- "http://nacos:nacos@localhost:8848"
fetch_interval: 30 # default 30 sec
weight: 100 # default 100
timeout:
connect: 2000 # default 2000 ms
send: 2000 # default 2000 ms
read: 5000 # default 5000 ms
# 整合SkyWalking
# 问题总结
# 1通过gateway和virtualservice无法访问服务
将type:ClusterIP 修改为 NodePort后测试gateway可以正常访问，又改回ClusterIP，恢复正常
linkerd →